Digital Innovation in Sustainable Nature-Based Tourism: A Literature Review
Abstract
This study systematically reviews the application of geographic information systems, decision support systems, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality within the context of sustainable tourism in natural environments. The findings reveal that geographic information systems and decision support systems are fundamental for spatial decision-making and conservation planning. At the same time, artificial intelligence facilitates real-time visitor management, and augmented and virtual reality enrich educational and immersive experiences that foster environmental awareness. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited infrastructure, regulatory gaps, and barriers to technological accessibility remain, particularly in re mote and developing regions. This review emphasises the need for integrated hybrid models, such as artificial intelligence-powered geographic information systems for predictive environmental assessments and virtual reality-enhanced decision support systems for simulating visitor flows in protected areas. Future research should focus on developing scalable and context-sensitive frameworks for technology adoption in nature-based destinations. Collaboration among policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers is essential to establish regulatory standards, pro mote digital inclusion, and foster interdisciplinary partnerships that ensure digital innovations effectively contribute to the sustainable development and stewardship of natural tourism sites.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Paula Andrea Viviescas Jaimes, Diana Teresa Parra-Sánchez, Liliana Calderón-Benavides, Juan Carlos Rodríguez Marín
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